CASTE BASED RESERVATION SYSTEM IN INDIA
The spirit of equality prevails in the provisions
of the Constitution of India, as the main aim of the founders of the
constitution was to create an egalitarian society wherein social, economic and
political justice is prevailed and equality of status and opportunity are made
available to all. However, owing to historicl and traditional reasons, certain
classes of Indian citizens are under severe social and economic disabilities.
They cannot effectively enjoty either equality of status or of opportunity.
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In ancient India, there was a caste system which
existed in Hindu religion . In this caste system, the people were divided into
four categories i.e. Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and shudra. Howerver, in those
tikmes these were not called castes,
Instead, these were termed as ‘Varnas’ during the Vedic period a person’s varna
was clear by his/her socio-economic duties. These duties were either performed
of one’s own accord or were assigned by the local superintendent and Varna was
originally not clear by one’s birth in to any family.
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Nevertheless, over the years, as far as anyone of
us can remember, caste has been defined by one birth .Nobody know when or where
it was decided that the Shudras were the untouchables and did not deserve he
respect of the society. It is horrifying to read one of the Hindu scriptures
says that:” The Shudra must not acquire knowledge and it is a sin and a crime
to give him education. If the shudra intentionally listens to, for committing
to memory, the veda then his ears should be filled with molten lead; if he
utters the veda, then his tongue should be cut off.
One can easily imagine the devastating result
such thinking must have had on the life of the shudras. They vecame outcasts
and suffered all atrocities of the so called upper castes. They were denied the
right to make their life comfortable. At the time of independence, the makers
of the constitution had rightly visualized that this deprived section of
society needed emancipation through education and employment opportunities.
Hence, reservation for the backward classes, scheduled tribes and scheduled
castes was essential in order to bring them at par with the others.
It was an attempt to create equality and equity
in educational, economic and social areas. There is no doubt that such
reservations has actually helped the backward section of the Indian society. It
has helped them to come forward, became a part of the mainstream claim equal
rights and opportunities that they had been denied for ages. But over the
Years. The reservation system seems to have lost its way.
While providing privileges in the Constitution
for a limited period of some years, it wass felt that the feeling of casteism
would vanish But even after about seven decades of independence, the
reservation based on birth in a particular caste continues, and has rather,
widened the cate differences . One may ask if a candidate really needs
reservation, in case he belongs to a well of family and has never in his life
experienced any kind of discrimination.\
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However, a majority of the backward classes are
not living any diffenrently than before because their subsistence is meager and
rural lifestyle does not provide them with any o0f the benefits ermarked for
them in the Constitution. The worst thing is that many are not even aware of
these policies, especially in the interior parts of the nation. Thus, a
distinct economic class system exists within the backward classes .
Mostly, undeserving people have gained the
advantages and the deserving ones are still without any significant positive
change in their plight. Moreover, reservation has become an electoral tool nowadays, No doubt, the youth of this
nation are against such a blend policy where the beneficial are not reaching
the right people. However, it is also true that discrimination based on caste
is still a part of the Indian society.
The policy needs some radical changes. The time
has ome to identify the section and more importantly. Families of the backward
classes that are the ideal and genuine candidates for the reservation system.
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